Reporting on the information society
Posted by: Alecks P. Pabico | November 4, 2006 at 3:09 pm
Filed under: Science and Technology, The Internet
I WAS one of only two Filipino journalists who went to Geneva in December 2003 to cover the first-ever World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). I was fortunate to be tapped by the Asia-Pacific office of Inter Press Service to be part of its reportorial staff for the first phase of the three-day global high-level gathering of key stakeholders seeking a better understanding of the digital revolution and its impact on the international community.
Of a total 11,407 delegates, there were 970 journalists in attendance representing 631 media organizations worldwide. Noting the number of accredited journalists alongside government officials who went to WSIS, the Daily Summit blog said then that if it were a gauge of how much importance countries placed on the summit and the issues discussed there, Bangladesh was tops among developing countries which had 33 journalists (along with 61 government officials) in Geneva.
The Philippines, a major exporter of computer and technological components and whose professionals are prized for their software and creative skills, was at least better than Malaysia, which did not have a single journalist despite having the single biggest delegation to the summit with 137 officials.
Organized by the United Nation’s International Telecommunication Union and hosted by the Swiss government, WSIS was envisioned amid glaring global realities — a vast majority of humanity remains untouched by the digital revolution, and that real disparities exist between countries and socio-economic groups that are benefiting from information and communication technologies (ICTs) and those that are not.
The WSIS went through preparatory committee meetings and regional conferences that produced the draft Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action, both of which were finalized and adopted by heads of state and business leaders in the actual Summit in Geneva. Civil society representatives, disappointed over the summit’s failure to push for people-centered information and communication societies, issued their own declaration.
The Action Plan addressed a broad range of issues concerning the information society, which included:
- Information and communication infrastructure: financing and investment, affordability, development, and sustainability
- Access to information and knowledge
- The role of governments, the business sector and civil society in the promotion of ICTs for development
- Capacity building: human resources development, education, and training
- Security
- Enabling environment
- Promotion of development-oriented ICT applications for all
- Cultural identity and linguistic diversity, local content and media development
- Identifying and overcoming barriers to the achievement of the information society with a human perspective
The Geneva phase, however, failed to resolve contentious issues involving Internet governance and the creation of a solidarity fund for ICT development, both of which were calendared for deeper negotiations leading to Tunis in 2005. On the issue of Internet management, what was underscored in Geneva was the involvement of all stakeholders and intergovernmental organizations to address both technical and public policy issues.
On the issue of financing for underserved economies, it was agreed to set up a task force to undertake a review of existing ICT funding mechanisms and to study the feasibility of an international voluntary Digital Solidarity Fund.
Civil society groups also scored the “weakness” of the WSIS declaration’s provision on the global commons or the public domain of global knowledge. Their own declaration called for the review of the regime of limited intellectual monopolies of intellectual property rights and defends free software for its benefits to developing countries.
Owing to a much busier schedule, I missed covering the Summit’s second phase in Tunisia in November last year. In Tunis, the question of who should govern the Internet was eventually addressed by governments acknowledging the need for enhanced cooperation and adopting newly agreed principles:
- All governments should play an equal role and have equal responsibility for Internet governance while ensuring its continuing stability, security and continuity.
- Nations should not be involved in decisions regarding another nation’s country code top level domain (ccTLD).
- There is a need for strengthened co-operation among stakeholder for public policies for generic top level domain names (gTLDs).
Along this line, the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) was also created, to be convened by the U.N. Secretary-General, to foster and enable multi-stakeholder dialogue on public policy and development issues.
While it will have no involvement in the day-to-day running and technical operation of the Internet, the IGF, as the main tangible outcome of the WSIS Tunis phase, will facilitate the exchange of information and best practices, and help find solutions to issues of concern to every day users arising from the use and misuse of the Internet, identify emerging issues and bring them to the attention of relevant decision-making bodies, and where appropriate, make recommendations.
Beyond the two phases of the Summit, an overall review by the General Assembly of the implementation of WSIS outcomes, foremost of which are the Geneva Plan of Action and the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, is set in 2015.
For journalists, though, this should not be the end of reportorial work on information society issues after WSIS. After Geneva, I got a fellowship to travel around Cambodia where I stayed for a month to report (here and here) on the kingdom’s emerging information society.
Making life less difficult for journalists to keep track of such issues post-WSIS though is a recently launched blog by Panos London’s resident information society expert, Murali Shanmugavelan.
At the recently concluded Internet Governance Forum in Athens, for instance, Shanmugavelan blogged about what transpired at the four-day gathering, which marked the first time that governments, businesses and civil society have come together to discuss the future of the Internet.
There has been a general atmosphere of optimism in the multi-stakeholder process of the Forum, observed Shanmugavelan, adding that what had been underlined most clearly in the IGF is that “the user is as important as technologists and policymakers in deciding the future of the Internet.”
Though the IGF is not legally binding, it represents a dramatic shift in the U.N. system, with civil society, erstwhile shunned by global policy-making bodies, given equal status as governments. This experiment, Shanmugavelan said, could have implications for decision-making on other policy issues, including trade and environment.
On promoting linguistic diversity and local content in an existing Anglo-Saxon-centric Internet, Shanmugavelan reported that a consensus has emerged among delegates with respect to the following:
- the inextricable link between freedom of expression, the right to information and the creation of local content
- a ‘multilingualistic approach’ as the future of the Internet, with local languages used to search, publish and distribute information
- marrying local content and available technical standards to make more information available in local languages
A non-journalist, Shanmugavelan thought of dedicating a blog to provide a no-nonsense commentary on topical issues of the information society that he fears are in danger of eluding the media spotlight. He believes journalists are in a unique position to objectively report on, and spark public debate around, such developments. He therefore asks them — particularly those in developing countries — to share their views and experiences on the blog.
You can subscribe to his blog feed here.
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